Visual Basic

      Visual Basic is a high level programming language which was evolved from the earlier DOS version called BASIC.

     Visual Basic is a VISUAL and events driven Programming Language. These are the main divergence from the old BASIC. In BASIC, programming is done in a text-only environment and the program is executed sequentially.

     The codes look a lot like English Language. Different software companies produced different version of BASIC, such as Microsoft QBASIC, QUICKBASIC, GWBASIC ,IBM BASICA and so on. However, it seems people only use Microsoft Visual Basic today, as it is a well developed programming language and supporting resources are available everywhere.

     If you are in business, you can also create business programs such as inventory management system , point-of-sale system, payroll system, financial program as well as accounting program to help manage your business and increase productivity.

we have many smart programmers who wrote interpreters and compilers that can translate human language like programs such as BASIC into machine language so that the computer can carry out the instructions entered by the users.

HTML

Webpages are written in HTML - a simple scripting language.

          * Hypertext is simply a piece of text that works as a link.

          * Markup Language is a way of writing layout information within documents.

When a browser opens an HTML file, the browser will look for HTML codes in the text and use them to change the layout, insert images, or create links to other pages.

   1. HTML is a language for describing web pages.
   2. HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language.
   3. HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language.
   4. A markup language is a set of markup tags.
   5. HTML uses markup tags to describe web pages.
   6. HTML tags are keywords surrounded by angle brackets.
   7. HTML tags normally come in pairs.
   8. The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag.
   9. Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags.

. Net Frame Work

 The .NET framework has two major components-- The Common Runtime (CLR) and the Class Library

The CLR is the foundation upon which the .NET Framework has been built. The runtime manages code at execution time and provides all the core services such as memory management, thread management and remoting. It also enforces strict type safety and ensures code accuracy in order to provide security and robustness to the applications. This capability to manage code at runtime is the distinguishing feature of the CLR. All code that is managed by the CLR is known as managed code while other codes are known as unmanaged code.

The Class Library is an object oriented collection of reusable types. It is comprehensive and the types can be used to develop command line applications or GUI applications such as Web forms or XML Web services. Unmanaged components that load CLR into their processes can be hosted by the .NET Framework to initiate the execution of managed code. This creates a software environment that exploits both the managed and unmanaged codes. The.NET Framework also provides a number of runtime hosts and supports third party runtime hosts

CLR Features

1. CLR manages memory, thread execution, code execution, compilation code safety verification and other system services.

2. For security reasons, managed code is assigned varying degrees of trust based on origin. This prevents or allows the managed component from performing file access operations, registry access operations or other sensitive functions even within the same active application.

3. The Runtime enforces code robustness by implementing strict type and code verification infrastructure called Common type System (CTS). The CTS ensures that all managed code is self describing and all Microsoft or third party language compiler generated codes conform to CTS. This enables the managed code to consume other managed types and enforce strict type fidelity and type safety.

4. CLR eliminates many common software issues like handling of object layout, references to objects and garbage clearance. This type of memory management prevents memory leaks and invalid memory references.

Web Developing.

   A web application consists of web components, static resource files such as images, and helper classes and libraries. The web container provides many supporting services that enhance the capabilities of web components and make them easier to develop. However, because a web application must take these services into account, the process for creating and running a web application is different from that of traditional stand-alone Java classes. 
 
   Server-side utility classes (database beans, shopping carts, and so on). Often these classes conform to the JavaBeans component architecture.
   Client-side classes (applets and utility classes).

   Web applications are configured via elements contained in the web application deployment descriptor. The deploytool utility generates the descriptor when you create a WAR and adds elements when you create web components and associated classes. You can modify the elements via the inspectors associated with the WAR.

XML Language

 XML is a text-based markup language that is fast becoming the standard for data interchange on the web. As with HTML, you identify data using tags enclosed in angle brackets Collectively, the tags are known as markup.

  But unlike HTML, XML tags identify the data rather than specify how to display it. Whereas an HTML tag says something like, "Display this data in bold font, an XML tag acts like a field name in your program.

  The tags in this example identify the message as a whole, the destination and sender addresses, the subject, and the text of the message. As in HTML, the tag has a matching end tag. The data between the tag and its matching end tag defines an element of the XML data. Note, too, that the content of the tag is contained entirely within the scope of the tag. It is this ability for one tag to contain others that lets XML represent hierarchical data structures. 

  Again, as with HTML, whitespace is essentially irrelevant, so you can format the data for readability and yet still process it easily with a program. Unlike HTML, however, in XML you can easily search a data set for messages containing,  in the subject, because the XML tags identify the content of the data rather than specify its representation.

JavaBeans Framework

    The JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF) is included because JavaMail uses it. JAF provides standard services to determine the type of an arbitrary piece of data, encapsulate access to it, discover the operations available on it, and create the appropriate JavaBeans component to perform those operations.
 
    The JavaBeans Activation Framework (JAF) is included because JavaMail uses it. JAF provides standard services to determine the type of an arbitrary piece of data, encapsulate access to it, discover the operations available on it, and create the appropriate JavaBeans component to perform those operations.

    The Java API for XML Processing (JAXP) supports the processing of XML documents using Document Object Model (DOM), Simple API for XML (SAX), and Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations (XSLT). JAXP enables applications to parse and transform XML documents independent of a particular XML processing implementation.

Java Servlets

  Java Servlet is a standard extension of java platform for web application developers in a simple contents technics for access the exist systems.

Java servlet technology lets you define HTTP specific servlet classes. A servlet class extends the capabilities of servers that host applications that are accessed by way of a request-response programming model. Although servlets can respond to any type of request, they are commonly used to extend the applications hosted by web servers.

Servlets are Java technology's answer to CGI programming.

1.Efficient.
2.Convenient.
3.Powerful.
4.Portable.
5.Inexpensive.

Life Cycle of a Java Server Page

   A JSP page services requests as a servlet.When a request is mapped to a JSP page, it is handled by a special servlet that first checks whether the JSP page's servlet is older than the JSP page. If it is, it translates the JSP page into a servlet class and compiles the class. 

  Template data is transformed into code that will emit the data into the stream that returns data to the client.Directives are used to control how the Web container translates and executes the JSP page.If an error occurs while the page is being translated, the server will return a ParseException, and the servlet class source file will be empty or incomplete.

  

Java Server Pages (JSP)

    JavaServer Pages technology allows you to easily create Web content that has both static and dynamic components.JSP technology also contains an API that is used by developers of Web containers but this API is not covered in this chapter.

   A JSP page is a text-based document that contains two types of text: static template data, which can be expressed in any text-based format, such as HTML,WML, and XML and JSP elements.

Computer software

      Computer software  is a general term used to describe the role that computer programs, procedures and documentation play in a computer system. It is user friendly for interact with user and computer. Nowdays number users can develop their application with their own knowledge so thery can easily interact with computer.

Java language

      Java is a programming language originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems Java platform.

      Java uses an automatic garbage collector to manage memory in the object lifecycle.One of the ideas behind Java's automatic memory management model is that programmers be spared the burden of having to perform manual memory management.

      Java  is platform independent and also user friendly any one can easily know the programs and applications.  In some languages memory for the creation of objects is implicitly allocated on the stack, or explicitly allocated and deallocated from the heap.

C Programming language

     C is a general purpose computer programming language developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie at the Bell Telephone Laboratories for use with the Unix operating system.

     C is an imperative systems implementation language. It was designed to be compiled using a relatively straightforward compiler, to provide low-level access to memory, to provide language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, and to require minimal run-time system.lack of nested function definitions and variables may be hidden in nested blocks.

PHP

     PHP is Hypertext Preprocessor, is a widely used, general-purpose scripting language that was originally designed for web development, to produce dynamic web pages.

      PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995, by de facto standard groups. It is a open source any user access the front end source codes, additional advantage is backend is MYSQL for storing the database.

      PHP is a general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development. PHP generally runs on a web server. The National Vulnerability Database stores all vulnerabilities found in computer software.

      It is server side embedded scripting language and user can suite the tools for building the dynamic websites.PHP generally run on a web server and it can be used for command side script and client side script.PHP can deploy in a web server, operating system using with an relational database.